CHAPTER 125A UNIFORM CHILD CUSTODY JURISDICTION AND ENFORCEMENT ACT (Continued) ARTICLE 2-JURISDICTION NRS 125A.305 Initial child custody jurisdiction. Except as otherwise provided in NRS 125A.335, a court of this state has jurisdiction to make an initial child custody determination only if: (a) This state is the home state of the child on the date of the commencement of the proceeding or was the home state of the child within 6 months before the commencement of the proceeding and the child is absent from this state but a parent or person acting as a parent continues to live in this state; (b) A court of another state does not have jurisdiction pursuant to paragraph (a) or a court of the home state of the child has declined to exercise jurisdiction on the ground that this state is the more appropriate forum pursuant to NRS 125A.365 or 125A.375 and: (1) The child and the child’s parents, or the child and at least one parent or a person acting as a parent, have a significant connection with this state other than mere physical presence; and (2) Substantial evidence is available in this state concerning the child’s care, protection, training and personal relationships; (c) All courts having jurisdiction pursuant to paragraph (a) or (b) have declined to exercise jurisdiction on the ground that a court of this state is the more appropriate forum to determine the custody of the child pursuant to NRS 125A.365 or 125A.375; or (d) No court of any other state would have jurisdiction pursuant to the criteria specified in paragraph (a), (b) or (c). 2. Subsection 1 is the exclusive jurisdictional basis for making a child custody determination by a court of this state. 3. Physical presence of, or personal jurisdiction over, a party or a child is not necessary or sufficient to make a child custody determination. NRS 125A.315 Exclusive, continuing jurisdiction. Except as otherwise provided in NRS 125A.335, a court of this state which has made a child custody determination consistent with NRS 125A.305 or 125A.325 has exclusive, continuing jurisdiction over the determination until: (a) A court of this state determines that the child, the child’s parents and any person acting as a parent do not have a significant connection with this state and that substantial evidence is no longer available in this state concerning the child’s care, protection, training and personal relationships; or (b) A court of this state or a court of another state determines that the child, the child’s parents and any person acting as a parent do not presently reside in this state. 2. A court of this state which has made a child custody determination and does not have exclusive, continuing jurisdiction pursuant to this section may modify that determination only if it has jurisdiction to make an initial determination pursuant to NRS 125A.305. NRS 125A.325 Jurisdiction to modify determination. Except as otherwise provided in NRS 125A.335, a court of this state may not modify a child custody determination made by a court of another state unless a court of this state has jurisdiction to make an initial determination pursuant to paragraph (a) or (b) of subsection 1 of NRS 125A.305 and: The court of the other state determines it no longer has exclusive, continuing jurisdiction pursuant to NRS 125A.315 or that a court of this state would be a more convenient forum pursuant to NRS 125A.365; or A court of this state or a court of the other state determines that the child, the child’s parents and any person acting as a parent do not presently reside in the other state. NRS 125A.335 Temporary emergency jurisdiction. A court of this state has temporary emergency jurisdiction if the child is present in this state and the child has been abandoned or it is necessary in an emergency to protect the child because the child, or a sibling or parent of the child, is subjected to or threatened with mistreatment or abuse. If there is no previous child custody determination that is entitled to be enforced pursuant to the provisions of this chapter and a child custody proceeding has not been commenced in a court of a state having jurisdiction pursuant to NRS 125A.305, 125A.315 and 125A.325, a child custody determination made pursuant to this section remains in effect until an order is obtained from a court of a state having jurisdiction pursuant to NRS 125A.305, 125A.315 and 125A.325. If a child custody proceeding has not been or is not commenced in a court of a state having jurisdiction pursuant to NRS 125A.305, 125A.315 and 125A.325, a child custody determination made pursuant to this section becomes a final determination, if it so provides, and this state becomes the home state of the child. If there is a previous child custody determination that is entitled to be enforced pursuant to the provisions of this chapter, or a child custody proceeding has been commenced in a court of a state having jurisdiction pursuant to NRS 125A.305, 125A.315 and 125A.325, any order issued by a court of this state pursuant to this section must specify in the order a period that the court considers adequate to allow the person seeking an order to obtain an order from the state having jurisdiction pursuant to NRS 125A.305, 125A.315 and 125A.325. The order issued in this state remains in effect until an order is obtained from the other state within the period specified or the period expires. A court of this state which has been asked to make a child custody determination pursuant to this section, upon being informed that a child custody proceeding has been commenced in, or a child custody determination has been made by, a court of a state having jurisdiction pursuant to NRS 125A.305, 125A.315 and 125A.325, shall immediately communicate with the other court. A court of this state which is exercising jurisdiction pursuant to NRS 125A.305, 125A.315 and 125A.325, upon being informed that a child custody proceeding has been commenced in, or a child custody determination has been made by, a court of another state pursuant to a statute similar to this section shall immediately communicate with the court of that state to resolve the emergency, protect the safety of the parties and the child, and determine a period for the duration of the temporary order. NRS 125A.345 Notice; opportunity to be heard; joinder. Before a child custody determination is made pursuant to the provisions of this chapter, notice and an opportunity to be heard in accordance with the standards of NRS 125A.255 must be given to all persons entitled to notice pursuant to the law of this state as in child custody proceedings between residents of this state, any parent whose parental rights have not been previously terminated and any person having physical custody of the child. The provisions of this chapter do not govern the enforceability of a child custody determination made without notice or an opportunity to be heard. The obligation to join a party and the right to intervene as a party in a child custody proceeding conducted pursuant to the provisions of this chapter are governed by the law of this state as in child custody proceedings between residents of this state. NRS 125A.355 Simultaneous proceedings. Except as otherwise provided in NRS 125A.335, a court of this state may not exercise its jurisdiction pursuant to NRS 125A.305 to 125A.395, inclusive, if, at the time of the commencement of the proceeding, a proceeding concerning the custody of the child has been commenced in a court of another state having jurisdiction substantially in conformity with the provisions of this chapter, unless the proceeding has been terminated or is stayed by the court of the other state because a court of this state is a more convenient forum pursuant to NRS 125A.365. Except as otherwise provided in NRS 125A.335, a court of this state, before hearing a child custody proceeding, shall examine the court documents and other information supplied by the parties pursuant to NRS 125A.385. If the court determines that a child custody proceeding has been commenced in a court in another state having jurisdiction substantially in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, the court of this state shall stay its proceeding and communicate with the court of the other state. If the court of the state having jurisdiction substantially in accordance with the provisions of this chapter does not determine that the court of this state is a more appropriate forum, the court of this state shall dismiss the proceeding. In a proceeding to modify a child custody determination, a court of this state shall determine whether a proceeding to enforce the determination has been commenced in another state. If a proceeding to enforce a child custody determination has been commenced in another state, the court may: (a) Stay the proceeding for modification pending the entry of an order of a court of the other state enforcing, staying, denying or dismissing the proceeding for enforcement; (b) Enjoin the parties from continuing with the proceeding for enforcement; or (c) Proceed with the modification under conditions it considers appropriate. NRS 125A.365 Inconvenient forum. A court of this state which has jurisdiction pursuant to the provisions of this chapter to make a child custody determination may decline to exercise its jurisdiction at any time if it determines that it is an inconvenient forum under the circumstances and that a court of another state is a more appropriate forum. The issue of inconvenient forum may be raised upon motion of a party, the court’s own motion or request of another court. Before determining whether it is an inconvenient forum, a court of this state shall consider whether it is appropriate for a court of another state to exercise jurisdiction. For this purpose, the court shall allow the parties to submit information and shall consider all relevant factors, including: (a) Whether domestic violence has occurred and is likely to continue in the future and which state could best protect the parties and the child; (b) The length of time the child has resided outside this state; (c) The distance between the court in this state and the court in the state that would assume jurisdiction; (d) The relative financial circumstances of the parties; (e) Any agreement of the parties as to which state should assume jurisdiction; (f) The nature and location of the evidence required to resolve the pending litigation, including testimony of the child; (g) The ability of the court of each state to decide the issue expeditiously and the procedures necessary to present the evidence; and (h) The familiarity of the court of each state with the facts and issues in the pending litigation. 3. If a court of this state determines that it is an inconvenient forum and that a court of another state is a more appropriate forum, it shall stay the proceedings upon condition that a child custody proceeding be promptly commenced in another designated state and may impose any other condition the court considers just and proper. 4. A court of this state may decline to exercise its jurisdiction pursuant to the provisions of this chapter if a child custody determination is incidental to an action for divorce or another proceeding while still retaining jurisdiction over the divorce or other proceeding. NRS 125A.375 Jurisdiction declined by reason of conduct. Except as otherwise provided in NRS 125A.335 or by other state law, if a court of this state has jurisdiction pursuant to the provisions of this chapter because a person seeking to invoke its jurisdiction has engaged in unjustifiable conduct, the court shall decline to exercise its jurisdiction unless: (a) The parents and all persons acting as parents have acquiesced in the exercise of jurisdiction; (b) A court of the state otherwise having jurisdiction pursuant to NRS 125A.305, 125A.315 and 125A.325 determines that this state is a more appropriate forum pursuant to NRS 125A.365; or (c) No court of any other state would have jurisdiction pursuant to the criteria specified in NRS 125A.305, 125A.315 and 125A.325. 2. If a court of this state declines to exercise its jurisdiction pursuant to subsection 1, it may fashion an appropriate remedy to ensure the safety of the child and prevent a repetition of the unjustifiable conduct, including staying the proceeding until a child custody proceeding is commenced in a court having jurisdiction pursuant to NRS 125A.305, 125A.315 and 125A.325. 3. If a court dismisses a petition or stays a proceeding because it declines to exercise its jurisdiction pursuant to subsection 1, it shall assess against the party seeking to invoke its jurisdiction necessary and reasonable expenses including costs, communication expenses, attorney’s fees, investigative fees, expenses for witnesses, travel expenses and child care during the course of the proceedings, unless the party from whom fees are sought establishes that the assessment would be clearly inappropriate. The court may not assess fees, costs or expenses against this state unless authorized by law other than the provisions of this chapter. NRS 125A.385 Information to be submitted to court. Except as otherwise provided by state law, in a child custody proceeding, each party, in its first pleading or in an attached affidavit, shall give information, if reasonably ascertainable, under oath as to the child’s present address or whereabouts, the places where the child has lived during the last 5 years, and the names and present addresses of the persons with whom the child has lived during that period. The pleading or affidavit must state whether the party: (a) Has participated, as a party or witness or in any other capacity, in any other proceeding concerning the custody of or visitation with the child and, if so, identify the court, the case number and the date of the child custody determination, if any; (b) Knows of any proceeding that could affect the current proceeding, including proceedings for enforcement and proceedings relating to domestic violence, protective orders, termination of parental rights and adoptions and, if so, identify the court, the case number and the nature of the proceeding; and (c) Knows the names and addresses of any person not a party to the proceeding who has physical custody of the child or claims rights of legal custody or physical custody of, or visitation with, the child and, if so, the names and addresses of those persons. 2. If the information required by subsection 1 is not furnished, the court, upon motion of a party or its own motion, may stay the proceeding until the information is furnished. 3. If the declaration as to any of the items described in paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of subsection 1 is in the affirmative, the declarant shall give additional information under oath as required by the court. The court may examine the parties under oath as to details of the information furnished and other matters pertinent to the court’s jurisdiction and the disposition of the case. 4. Each party has a continuing duty to inform the court of any proceeding in this or any other state that could affect the current proceeding. 5. If a party alleges in an affidavit or a pleading under oath that the health, safety or liberty of a party or child would be jeopardized by disclosure of identifying information, the information must be sealed and may not be disclosed to the other party or the public unless the court orders the disclosure to be made after a hearing in which the court takes into consideration the health, safety or liberty of the party or child and determines that the disclosure is in the interest of justice. NRS 125A.395 Appearance of parties and child. In a child custody proceeding in this state, the court may order a party to the proceeding who is in this state to appear before the court in person with or without the child. The court may order any person who is in this state and who has physical custody or control of the child to appear in person with the child. If a party to a child custody proceeding whose presence is desired by the court is outside this state, the court may order that a notice given pursuant to NRS 125A.255 include a statement directing the party to appear in person with or without the child and informing the party that failure to appear may result in a decision adverse to the party. The court may enter any orders necessary to ensure the safety of the child and of any person ordered to appear pursuant to this section. If a party to a child custody proceeding who is outside this state is directed to appear pursuant to subsection 2 or desires to appear personally before the court with or without the child, the court may require another party to pay reasonable and necessary travel and other expenses of the party so appearing and of the child. ARTICLE 3-ENFORCEMENT NRS 125A.405 Definitions. As used in NRS 125A.405 to 125A.585, inclusive, unless the context otherwise requires, the words and terms defined in NRS 125A.415 and 125A.425 have the meanings ascribed to them in those sections. NRS 125A.415 “Petitioner” defined. “Petitioner” means a person who seeks enforcement of an order for return of a child pursuant to the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction or enforcement of a child custody determination. NRS 125A.425 “Respondent” defined. “Respondent” means a person against whom a proceeding has been commenced for enforcement of an order for return of a child pursuant to the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction or enforcement of a child custody determination. NRS 125A.435 Enforcement under Hague Convention. Pursuant to NRS 125A.405 to 125A.585, inclusive, a court of this state may enforce an order for the return of a child made pursuant to the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction as if it were a child custody determination. NRS 125A.445 Duty to enforce. A court of this state shall recognize and enforce a child custody determination of a court of another state if the latter court exercised jurisdiction in substantial conformity with the provisions of this chapter or the determination was made under factual circumstances meeting the jurisdictional standards of the provisions of this chapter and the determination has not been modified in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. A court of this state may utilize any remedy available pursuant to other law of this state to enforce a child custody determination made by a court of another state. The remedies provided pursuant to NRS 125A.405 to 125A.585, inclusive, are cumulative and do not affect the availability of other remedies to enforce a child custody determination. NRS 125A.455 Temporary visitation. A court of this state which does not have jurisdiction to modify a child custody determination may issue a temporary order enforcing: (a) A visitation schedule made by a court of another state; or (b) The visitation provisions of a child custody determination of another state that does not provide for a specific visitation schedule. 2. If a court of this state makes an order pursuant to paragraph (b) of subsection 1, it shall specify in the order a period that it considers adequate to allow the petitioner to obtain an order from a court having jurisdiction pursuant to the criteria specified in NRS 125A.305 to 125A.395, inclusive. The order remains in effect until an order is obtained from the other court or the period expires. NRS 125A.465 Registration of child custody determination. A child custody determination issued by a court of another state may be registered in this state, with or without a simultaneous request for enforcement, by sending to a court of this state which is competent to hear custody matters: (a) A letter or other document requesting registration; (b) Two copies, including one certified copy, of the determination sought to be registered, and a statement under penalty of perjury that to the best of the knowledge and belief of the person seeking registration the order has not been modified; and (c) Except as otherwise provided in NRS 125A.385, the name and address of the person seeking registration and any parent or person acting as a parent who has been awarded custody or visitation in the child custody determination sought to be registered. 2. On receipt of the documents required by subsection 1, the registering court shall: (a) Cause the determination to be filed as a foreign judgment, together with one copy of any accompanying documents and information, regardless of their form; and (b) Serve notice upon the persons named pursuant to paragraph (c) of subsection 1 and provide them with an opportunity to contest the registration in accordance with this section. 3. The notice required by paragraph (b) of subsection 2 must state that: (a) A registered determination is enforceable as of the date of the registration in the same manner as a determination issued by a court of this state; (b) A hearing to contest the validity of the registered determination must be requested within 20 days after service of notice; and (c) Failure to contest the registration will result in confirmation of the child custody determination and preclude further contest of that determination with respect to any matter that could have been asserted. 4. A person seeking to contest the validity of a registered order must request a hearing within 20 days after service of the notice. At that hearing, the court shall confirm the registered order unless the person contesting registration establishes that: (a) The issuing court did not have jurisdiction pursuant to NRS 125A.305 to 125A.395, inclusive; (b) The child custody determination sought to be registered has been vacated, stayed or modified by a court having jurisdiction to do so pursuant to NRS 125A.305 to 125A.395, inclusive; or (c) The person contesting registration was entitled to notice, but notice was not given in accordance with the standards of NRS 125A.255, in the proceedings before the court that issued the order for which registration is sought. 5. If a timely request for a hearing to contest the validity of the registration is not made, the registration is confirmed as a matter of law and the person requesting registration and all persons served must be notified of the confirmation. 6. Confirmation of a registered order, whether by operation of law or after notice and hearing, precludes further contest of the order with respect to any matter that could have been asserted at the time of registration. 7. The provisions of this section do not apply to an order for protection against domestic violence issued by the court of another state, territory or Indian tribe within the United States which is registered pursuant to NRS 33.090. NRS 125A.475 Enforcement of registered determination. A court of this state may grant any relief normally available pursuant to the law of this state to enforce a registered child custody determination made by a court of another state. A court of this state shall recognize and enforce, but may not modify except in accordance with NRS 125A.305 to 125A.395, inclusive, a registered child custody determination of a court of another state. NRS 125A.485 Simultaneous proceedings. If a proceeding for enforcement pursuant to the provisions of NRS 125A.405 to 125A.585, inclusive, is commenced in a court of this state and the court determines that a proceeding to modify the determination is pending in a court of another state having jurisdiction to modify the determination pursuant to NRS 125A.305 to 125A.395, inclusive, the enforcing court shall immediately communicate with the modifying court. The proceeding for enforcement continues unless the enforcing court, after consultation with the modifying court, stays or dismisses the proceeding. NRS 125A.495 Expedited enforcement of child custody determination. A petition pursuant to NRS 125A.405 to 125A.585, inclusive, must be verified. Certified copies of all orders sought to be enforced and of any order confirming registration must be attached to the petition. A copy of a certified copy of an order may be attached instead of the original. A petition for enforcement of a child custody determination must state: (a) Whether the court that issued the determination identified the jurisdictional basis it relied upon in exercising jurisdiction and, if so, what the basis was; (b) Whether the determination for which enforcement is sought has been vacated, stayed or modified by a court whose decision must be enforced pursuant to the provisions of this chapter and, if so, identify the court, the case number and the nature of the proceeding; (c) Whether any proceeding has been commenced that could affect the current proceeding, including proceedings relating to domestic violence, protective orders, termination of parental rights and adoptions and, if so, identify the court, the case number and the nature of the proceeding; (d) The present physical address of the child and the respondent, if known; (e) Whether relief in addition to the immediate physical custody of the child and attorney’s fees is sought, including a request for assistance from law enforcement officers and, if so, the relief sought; and (f) If the child custody determination has been registered and confirmed pursuant to NRS 125A.465, the date and place of registration. 3. Upon the filing of a petition, the court shall issue an order directing the respondent to appear in person with or without the child at a hearing and may enter any order necessary to ensure the safety of the parties and the child. The hearing must be held on the next judicial day after service of the order unless that date is impossible. If that date is impossible, the court shall hold the hearing on the first judicial day possible. The court may extend the date of the hearing at the request of the petitioner. 4. An order issued pursuant to subsection 3 must state the time and place of the hearing and advise the respondent that at the hearing the court will order that the petitioner may take immediate physical custody of the child and the payment of fees, costs and expenses pursuant to NRS 125A.535, and may schedule a hearing to determine whether further relief is appropriate, unless the respondent appears and establishes that: (a) The child custody determination has not been registered and confirmed pursuant to NRS 125A.465 and that: (1) The issuing court did not have jurisdiction pursuant to NRS 125A.305 to 125A.395, inclusive; (2) The child custody determination for which enforcement is sought has been vacated, stayed or modified by a court having jurisdiction to do so pursuant to NRS 125A.305 to 125A.395, inclusive; or (3) The respondent was entitled to notice, but notice was not given in accordance with the standards of NRS 125A.255, in the proceedings before the court that issued the order for which enforcement is sought; or (b) The child custody determination for which enforcement is sought was registered and confirmed pursuant to NRS 125A.465, but has been vacated, stayed or modified by a court of a state having jurisdiction to do so pursuant to NRS 125A.305 to 125A.395, inclusive. NRS 125A.505 Service of petition and order. Except as otherwise provided in NRS 125A.525, the petition and order must be served, by any method authorized by state law, upon respondent and any person who has physical custody of the child. NRS 125A.515 Hearing and order. Unless the court issues a temporary emergency order pursuant to NRS 125A.335, upon a finding that a petitioner is entitled to immediate physical custody of the child, the court shall order that the petitioner may take immediate physical custody of the child unless the respondent establishes that: (a) The child custody determination has not been registered and confirmed pursuant to NRS 125A.465 and that: (1) The issuing court did not have jurisdiction pursuant to NRS 125A.305 to 125A.395, inclusive; (2) The child custody determination for which enforcement is sought has been vacated, stayed or modified by a court of a state having jurisdiction to do so pursuant to NRS 125A.305 to 125A.395, inclusive; or (3) The respondent was entitled to notice, but notice was not given in accordance with the standards of NRS 125A.255, in the proceedings before the court that issued the order for which enforcement is sought; or (b) The child custody determination for which enforcement is sought was registered and confirmed pursuant to NRS 125A.465, but has been vacated, stayed or modified by a court of a state having jurisdiction to do so pursuant to NRS 125A.305 to 125A.395, inclusive. 2. The court shall award the fees, costs and expenses authorized pursuant to NRS 125A.535 and may grant additional relief, including a request for the assistance of law enforcement officers, and set a further hearing to determine whether additional relief is appropriate. 3. If a party called to testify refuses to answer on the ground that the testimony may be self-incriminating, the court may draw an adverse inference from the refusal. 4. A privilege against disclosure of communications between spouses and a defense of immunity based on the relationship of husband and wife or parent and child may not be invoked in a proceeding conducted pursuant to NRS 125A.405 to 125A.585, inclusive. NRS 125A.525 Warrant to take physical custody of child. Upon the filing of a petition seeking enforcement of a child custody determination, the petitioner may file a verified application for the issuance of a warrant to take physical custody of the child if the child is immediately likely to suffer serious physical harm or to be removed from this state. If the court, upon the testimony of the petitioner or other witness, finds that the child is immediately likely to suffer serious physical harm or to be removed from this state, it may issue a warrant to take physical custody of the child. The petition must be heard on the next judicial day after the warrant is executed unless that date is impossible. If that date is impossible, the court shall hold the hearing on the first judicial day possible. The application for the warrant must include the statements required by subsection 2 of NRS 125A.495. A warrant to take physical custody of a child must: (a) Recite the facts upon which the conclusion that the child is immediately likely to suffer serious physical harm or to be removed from this state is based; (b) Direct law enforcement officers to take physical custody of the child immediately; and (c) Provide for the placement of the child pending final relief. 4. The respondent must be served with the petition, warrant and order immediately after the child is taken into physical custody. 5. A warrant to take physical custody of a child is enforceable throughout this state. If the court finds on the basis of the testimony of the petitioner or other witness that a less intrusive remedy is not effective, it may authorize law enforcement officers to enter private property to take physical custody of the child. If required by exigent circumstances of the case, the court may authorize law enforcement officers to make a forcible entry at any hour. 6. The court may impose conditions upon placement of a child to ensure the appearance of the child and the child’s custodian. NRS 125A.535 Costs, fees and expenses. The court shall award the prevailing party, including a state, necessary and reasonable expenses incurred by or on behalf of the party, including costs, communication expenses, attorney’s fees, investigative fees, expenses for witnesses, travel expenses and child care during the course of the proceedings, unless the party from whom fees or expenses are sought establishes that the award would be clearly inappropriate. The court may not assess fees, costs or expenses against a state unless authorized by law other than the provisions of this chapter. NRS 125A.545 Recognition and enforcement. A court of this state shall accord full faith and credit to an order issued by another state and consistent with the provisions of this chapter which enforces a child custody determination by a court of another state unless the order has been vacated, stayed or modified by a court having jurisdiction to do so pursuant to NRS 125A.305 to 125A.395, inclusive. NRS 125A.555 Appeals. An appeal may be taken from a final order in a proceeding conducted pursuant to the provisions of NRS 125A.405 to 125A.585, inclusive, in the same manner as appeals in other civil cases are taken. To the extent consistent with the Nevada Rules of Appellate Procedure, the Supreme Court shall expedite an appeal brought pursuant to this section. Unless the court enters a temporary emergency order pursuant to NRS 125A.335, the enforcing court may not stay an order enforcing a child custody determination pending appeal. NRS 125A.565 Role of district attorney and Attorney General. In a case arising pursuant to the provisions of this chapter or involving the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, a district attorney or the Attorney General may take any lawful action, including resort to a proceeding brought pursuant to NRS 125A.405 to 125A.585, inclusive, or any other available civil proceeding to locate a child, obtain the return of a child or enforce a child custody determination if there is: (a) An existing child custody determination; (b) A request to do so from a court in a pending child custody proceeding; (c) A reasonable belief that a criminal statute has been violated; or (d) A reasonable belief that the child has been wrongfully removed or retained in violation of the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. 2. A district attorney or the Attorney General acting pursuant to this section acts on behalf of the court and may not represent any party. NRS 125A.575 Role of law enforcement officers. At the request of a district attorney or the Attorney General acting pursuant to NRS 125A.565, a law enforcement officer may take any lawful action reasonably necessary to locate a child or a party and assist the district attorney or the Attorney General with responsibilities pursuant to NRS 125A.565. NRS 125A.585 Costs and expenses. If the respondent is not the prevailing party, the court may assess against the respondent all direct expenses and costs incurred by a district attorney or the Attorney General and law enforcement officers pursuant to NRS 125A.565 or 125A.575. ARTICLE 4-MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS NRS 125A.605 Application and construction. In applying and construing the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act, consideration must be given to the need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among states that enact it.